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Julius Caesars Rise to Power in the Roman Republic

By the time of the First Triumvirate, the republican form of government in Rome was already on its way to monarchy. Before you get to the three men involved in the triumvirate, you need to know about some of the events and people that led to it: During the era of the late Republic, Rome suffered through a reign of terror. Terrors tool was a new one, the proscription list, by which large numbers of important, wealthy people, and often senators, were killed; their property, confiscated. Sulla, Roman dictator at the time, instigated this carnage: Sulla now busied himself with slaughter, and murders without number or limit filled the city. Many, too, were killed to gratify private hatreds, although they had no relations with Sulla, but he gave his consent in order to gratify his adherents. At last one of the younger men, Caius Metellus, made bold to ask Sulla in the senate what end there was to be of these evils, and how far he would proceed before they might expect such doings to cease. We do not ask thee, he said, to free from punishment those whom thou hast determined to slay, but to free from suspense those whom thou hast determined to save.Although when we think of dictators we think of men and women who want enduring power, a Roman dictator was: A legal officialDuly nominated by the SenateTo handle a major problem,With a fixed, limited term. Sulla had been dictator for longer than the normal period, so what his plans were, as far as hanging onto the office of dictator went, were unknown. It was a surprise when he resigned from the position of a Roman dictator in 79 B.C. Sulla died a year later. The confidence which he reposed in his good genius... emboldened him... and though he had been the author of such great changes and revolutions of State, to lay down his authority....Sullas reign drained the Senate of power. The damage had been done to the republican system of government. Violence and uncertainty allowed a new political alliance to arise. Beginning of the Triumvirate Between the death of Sulla and the beginning of the 1st Triumvirate in 59 B.C., 2 of the wealthiest and most powerful remaining Romans, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (106-48 B.C.) and Marcus Licinius Crassus (112-53 B.C.), grew increasingly hostile to each other. This wasnt simply a private concern since each man was backed by factions and soldiers. To avert civil war, Julius Caesar, whose reputation was growing because of his military successes, suggested a 3-way partnership. This unofficial alliance is known to us as the 1st triumvirate, but at the time was referred to as an amicitia friendship or factio (whence, our faction). They divvied up the Roman provinces to suit themselves. Crassus, the capable financier, would receive Syria; Pompey, the renowned general, Spain; Caesar, who would soon show himself to be a skilled politician as well as a military leader, Cisalpine and Transalpine Gaul and Illyricum. Caesar and Pompey helped cement their relationship by Pompeys marriage to Caesars daughter Julia. End of the Triumvirate Julia, the wife of Pompey and daughter of Julius Caesar, died in 54, passively breaking the personal alliance between Caesar and Pompey. (Erich Gruen, author of The Last Generation of the Roman Republic argues against the significance of the death of Caesars daughter and many other accepted details of Caesars relations with the Senate.) The triumvirate further degenerated in 53 B.C., when a Parthian army attacked the Roman army at the Carrhae and killed Crassus. Meanwhile, Caesars power grew while in Gaul. Laws were altered to suit his needs. Some senators, notably Cato and Cicero, were alarmed by the weakening legal fabric. Rome had once created the office of tribune to give the plebeians power against the patricians. Among other powers, the tribunes person was sacrosanct (they couldnt be harmed physically) and he could impose a veto on anyone, including his fellow tribune. Caesar had both tribunes on his side when some members of the senate accused him of treason. The tribunes imposed their vetoes. But then the senate majority ignored the vetoes and roughed up the tribunes. They ordered Caesar, now charged with treason, to return to Rome, but without his army. Julius Caesar returned to Rome with his army. Regardless of the legitimacy of the original treason charge, the tribunes had vetoed, and the disregard for the law involved in violating the tribunes sacrosanctity, the moment Caesar stepped across the Rubicon river, he had, in legal fact, committed treason. Caesar could either be convicted of treason or fight the Roman forces sent to meet him, which Caesars former co-leader, Pompey, led. Pompey had the initial advantage, but even so, Julius Caesar won at Pharsalus in 48 B.C. After his defeat, Pompey fled, first to Mytilene, and then to Egypt, where he expected safety, but instead met his own death. Julius Caesar Rules Alone Caesar next spent a few years in Egypt and Asia before returning to Rome, where he began a platform of reform. Julius Caesar granted citizenship to many colonials, thus widening his base of support.Caesar granted pay to Proconsuls to remove corruption and gain allegiance from them.Caesar established a network of spies.Caesar instituted a policy of land reform designed to take power away from the wealthy.Caesar reduced the powers of the Senate so as to make it an advisory council only. At the same time, Julius Caesar was appointed dictator for life (in perpetuity) and assumed the title of imperator, general (a title given ​to a victorious general by his soldiers), and pater patriae father of his country, a title Cicero had received for suppressing the Catilinarian Conspiracy. Although Rome had long abhorred a monarchy, the title of rex king was offered him. When the autocratic Caesar rejected it at the Lupercalia, there were grave doubts about his sincerity. People may have feared he would soon become king. Caesar even dared to put his likeness on coins, a place suitable for the image of a god. In an effort to save the Republic -- although some think there were more personal reasons -- 60 of the senators conspired to murder him. On the Ides of March, in 44 B.C., the senators stabbed Gaius Julius Caesar 60 times, beside a statue of his former co-leader Pompey. Sources (www.herodotuswebsite.co.uk/roman/essays/1stTriumvirate.htm) How and why did the so-called First Triumvirate come into being? Suzanne Cross: [web.mac.com/heraklia/Caesar/gaul_to_rubicon/index.html]Gaul to the Rubicon The Rise of Julius Caesar www.republic.k12.mo.us/highschool/teachers/tstephen/ 07/13/98

How Ethics Influence Behavior in Organizations - 1010 Words

HOW ETHICS INFLUENCE BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATIONS In reality, there are some specific regulations governing our lives. However, regulations do not restrain everything. In some aspects, ethics play a much more important role than regulations. Ethics is â€Å"the code of moral values or principles that governs the behaviors of a person or group with respect to what is right or wrong† (Daft amp; Armstrong, 2012, p.369). Unethical behavior is very common in organizations. When people need to make a decision, unethical behavior may appear, especially when decision choices conflict with one’s self-interests. The Enron Scandal is a very interesting topic to better understand what are some responses organizations may have to unethical behavior.†¦show more content†¦Second, they duped their employees. Thousands of employees invested their savings and pensions in the company’s share market, while executives of Enron were actually selling their shares because they saw the deteriorating performance of Enron. Between 1999 and mid 2000, when Enron shares were increasing on the stock market in New York, 29 members of the company’s management received a total amount of 1.1billion US dollars by selling a total of 77.3 million shares (The Ninth International Conference â€Å"Investments and Economic Recovery†, May 22 – 23, 2009). Lastly, they affect many people who are not part of their company too. Enron was a poor role model because they were a prime example of a company using unethical methods to profit, although they eventually failed. Also, their business model wasn’t one other companies should adopt because of Enron’s unethical behavior. Enron’s failure is not only because its executives’ unethical decision making, but also the problem of its organizational structure. Enron is a vertical structure dominated organization, they have specialized tasks for every employee and department, and their decision making is highly centralized. That leaves the potential opportunity for their executives to make wrongful decision without being found out. Building on an unethical decision, like Enron did, can escalate into a snowball effect. This is because of deferring the problems over and over until it is notShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The New Employees964 Words   |  4 PagesThe role of the leaders is to influence their followers by demonstrating to them the behaviors and the boundaries that are set within the organization. Some of the appropriate and desired behaviors are nurtured through the company’s culture and socialization process of the new employees (Francesca, 2016). The new employees learn a lot of thing about the organization through watching their leaders in action. Therefore, when the leaders have failed to â€Å"walk the talk,† also, their juniors are likelyRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Terminology And Concepts Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational Behavior Terminology and Concepts There are many important factors that are involved and contribute to organizations survival and success. Organizational behavior, culture, diversity, communication, business ethics and change management are some of the key concepts which are essential as I list and explain below with some examples from past experiences. Organizational Behavior Studying the psychological and sociological behaviors of single and groups of individuals in organizations is aRead MoreBusiness Ethics, Leadership, And Business Relationships972 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Ethics Samuel .A. Amah Columbia Southern University Abstract The reflection paper critically examines business ethics, leadership, and business relationships and how they are interrelated and contribute to an organization’s overall culture. Key highlights include; the impact of trade relationships within an origination, how different leadership style affect ethical practices, effects of ethics on the overall culture of an organization, writers approach to business ethics and theRead MoreThe Leader s Ethical Values Influence Leadership Style Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pages Would it amaze you if you discovered that ethics and leadership style are correlated? The leaders come from various industries for instance, public, private, government, and non-profit/for-profit. The leader’s ethical values influence leadership style. The research suggests that the transformational leadership style is established on deontological ethics whereas transactional leadership is based on teleological ethics. Leader values and transformational/ transactional leadership suggest thatRead MorePaper: Belief, Truth, and Positive Organizational Deviance806 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Behavior, Social Psychology, Empirical Legal Studies. Summary This paper focuses on the organizational behavior construct of organizational deviance. This occurs when an organizations customs, policies, or internal regulations  are violated  by an  individual  or a group that may jeopardize the well-being of the organization or its citizens.  (Parks, Jones,   Hughey, 2011). The paper examines reasons why the law fails to constrain illegally consequential behavior within organizations. InRead MoreEthics : Ethical And Unethical Behavior Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesWebster Dictionary ethics are â€Å"rules of behavior based on ideas about what is morally good and bad; an area of study that deals with ideas about what is good and bad behavior: a branch of philosophy dealing with what is morally right or wrong†. There is more to ethics than the simple definition. To understand ethics one must define what is ethical and unethical behavior in the workplace and it importance, prescriptive approaches, psychological approaches, whi stle-blowers, and ethics as organizationalRead MoreMoral Ethics And Values Based Dilemmas871 Words   |  4 PagesMoral ethics and values-based dilemmas are ethical principles that difficult to handle at a workplace when employees have to choose what is wrong and right according to their own ethics. An effective ethics program must complement the values of the organization along with the values in the law. Good ethical behavior for any business is always a fundamental to its success. The main key for business owners and managements is to ensure all employees understand all the ethics. This paper discusses howRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Virtue Ethics1277 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Ethics and Virtue Ethics There are many things that make a company unique and successful. The liberty of working in an organization in society today is that, companies are filled with many different individuals from all ways of life. It’s these people who bring something new, innovative and exciting to their line of work and often times you will find positively affect the others around them. Within my military profession it is the leadership and the culture of our environment that makesRead MoreSales Ethics Is an Oxymoron1567 Words   |  7 PagesIs Sales-Ethics an Oxymoron? Globalization highlighted the ethical issues and concerns for every individual organization, multinational organizational conduct their operations under ethical code of conduct to confine the issues faced by unethical conducts. Many organizations such as pharmaceutical firms, technological firms and financial firms pay more attentions to ethical behavior to ensure the sales to consumers have been impeccably ethical. However managers pay attention to behavioral ethicalRead MoreUnethical Decision : Unethical Decisions1167 Words   |  5 Pagesunnecessary cost in managing organizations. Therefore, it has become a serious issue in society and attracted the public attention. Individual characteristics, issue characteristics and organizational environment are the factors that can influence employees’ unethical decisions at work. In this article, the aim is to explain why unethical decisions result from individuals’ choice rather than work environment, and how an individualà ¢â‚¬â„¢s choice decides unethical behaviors. For instance, according to

Exploring the Ontological Argument - 1746 Words

Exploring the Ontological Argument For nearly a thousand years, the ontological argument has captured the attention of philosophers. The ontological argument was revolutionary in its sequence from thought to reality. It was an argument that did not require any corresponding experiment in reality; it functioned without the necessity of empirical data. Despite flaws and problems found in some ontological arguments and the objections raised to those arguments, ontological arguments still provide a phenomenal vehicle for ontological discussion through St. Anselm’s original ideas and argument, objections raised, and revisions of previous arguments. The ontological argument still intrigues philosophers despite potential objections and flaws†¦show more content†¦258). It does not matter who or what that Greatest Conceivable Being is identified as; anyone and everyone can have an idea of that being. The third premise works off of the idea that it is â€Å"greater for somethi ng to exist in reality than simply as an idea in our minds† (Cowan Spiegel, 2009, p. 258). The idea is that existence is a quality that can make something greater than something equal in all aspects except for existence. A red balloon in my mind would not be as great as a red balloon that actually exists. So, in order for the Greatest Conceivable Being to actually be the greatest, it needs to exist in reality. The fourth premise says that if God, or the Greatest Conceivable Being, was only an idea in the mind, then he would not be as great as he could be because he did not exist in reality. So, if God does not exist in reality, then we would be able to imagine or conceive a being greater than him. The fifth premise ties back in to the first: God, by definition, is the Greatest Conceivable Being. If he did not exist, then he would not be the Greatest Conceivable Being. There would be a being that is greater. However, it would be â€Å"self-contradictory† to say that the re would be a being greater than the Greatest Conceivable Being (Himma, n.d., para. 1). If something is the greatest, there cannot be something greater. The sixth premise brings the argument to a conclusion: if the Greatest Conceivable Being is the greatest, thatShow MoreRelatedUnpacking Spinoza s Ontological Argument1054 Words   |  5 Pages Unpacking Spinoza’s Ontological Argument in Regards to Monism Baruch Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher who was active in the mid to late 17th century. In Spinoza’s ontological argument he attempts to prove the existence of God as the root of all things that everything is created from as well as proving that God is the only true substance. According to Spinoza, â€Å"It pertains to the nature of a substance to exist† (Spinoza). This means that Spinoza believes existence is a necessary property of anyRead MoreWhat Does Ontological Position Influence Mixed Methods Research?1456 Words   |  6 Pagesof this paper is to reflect upon a methodological approach towards in what extent does ontological position influence mixed methods research which involves both collecting and analyzing the combination of quantitative and qualitative data. This reflection will begin with defining the ontological position, then why this approach influence mixed method research and followed by a conclusion. Defining ontological position The term ontology is derived from the Greek word, with â€Å"onto† meaning â€Å"being†Read MoreThe Philosophy Of Social Science1076 Words   |  5 PagesMills. Determinism is then introduced to further illuminate the difference between these two theories. Hollis also provides readers with the fundamental feature of Explanation and Understanding. The comparison represented through the framing of ontological, methodological and epistemological elements. This is where the matrix of four social science modes is completed with ‘Systems’ and ‘Agents’ in Explanation column and ‘Games’ and ‘Actors’ in Understanding column. He also gives the brief explanationRead MoreTheo 104 Reflection Paper 1642 Words   |  3 PagesTOPICS TO CONSIDER FOR THE REFLECTION PAPER: Angels, Anthropological Argument, Arminianism, Assurance of Salvation, Attributes of God, Baptism of Holy Spirit, Believers Glorified Body Bible Study, Biblical Theology, Calvinism, Character Development, Christian Service, Comfort of God, Conscience, Contemporary, Theology, Conversion, Conviction, Cosmological Argument,Creation, Crown of Life, Deacon, Death Death of Christ, Deity of Christ, Demons,Denominations, Doctrine, Dogmatic Theology, DoubtRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Love Song Of J.alfred Prufrock 1559 Words   |  7 PagesEliot turned his attention towards the plight of the individual, opting for the ambiguous protagonists in his poetry and exploring the often desolate and depressive urban landscape of the time through the inner workings of an individuals mind. Following on from this, throughout the poem, Eliot conveys a sense of the individual conscience as conditioned by society, through exploring the inner workings of the persona of J.Alfred Prufrock. Prufrock’s lack of identity and freedom in the face of societyRead MoreDifferent From Peile ( 1988 ) And Reid1245 Words   |  5 Pagesmethods, the researchers can develop social work knowledge with details and in-depth. Second, I do not agree with Haworth (1991) that we can use constructivism paradigm to replace positivism paradigm. Admittedly, Haworth (1991) provided some sound argument that quantitative research has flaws. For example, quantitative researchers hold the views of reductionism and operationism and heavily rely on measurement and statistical analysis, which may provide false knowledge to social work practice. It isRead MoreThis essay will be examining the key arguments for the existence of God, in order to discuss the3100 Words   |  13 PagesThis essay will be examining the key arguments for the existence of God, in order to discuss the claim that â€Å"it is wrong to believe in anything without sufficient evidence†- with reference to the non-existence of God. It will be exploring both a priori and an a posteriori argument for the existence of God. It will solely be concentrating on the Theological argument, Cosmological argument and the Ontological argument, in order, to analyse their significance and contribution in vindicating the claimRead MoreThe Speech Of Nothingness : The Literary Construction Of Black Subjectivity1808 Words   |  8 Pagestraders, the presence of which serves to function as the creation of what I argue is a new ontological structure that positions Black subjectivity as nothingness. Drawing upon the work of critical scholars such as Ngugi wa Thiong’o, Orlando Patterson, and Frank B. Wilderson, I hope that I will make a compelling argument regarding the negation that is Blackness. ​In Decolonising the Mind wa Thiong’o makes the argument that language itself is a â€Å"culture bomb†, a tool which articulates one’s position withinRead MoreSturdy And Grey Article5186 Words   |  21 Pageschange management: Exploring alternatives...................................... 1 Bibliography...................................................................................................................................................... 10 Document 1 of 1 Beneath and beyond organizational change management: Exploring alternatives Author: Sturdy, Andrew; Grey, Christopher ProQuest document link Abstract: This essay introduces contributions to a special issue exploring alternative accountsRead MoreThe Debate On The Existence Of God2437 Words   |  10 Pagesreason and science those people often call themselves atheists. I believe in the existence of God but I will discuss arguments that express both the existence of God and none existence of God in order to prove that God really does exist. By visiting and exploring all kinds of aspects such as moral idea of God, as well as first cause argument. Furthermore, I will go into the arguments of Gods none existence because of problems of evil in the world, misery, lack of faith, continuous let down and lack

Modern Business Microeconomics

Question: Describe about the Modern Business Microeconomics. Answer: Introduction As per the given situation, the lone supplier of the good is me. The objective is to realise maximum revenue by bringing about relevant changes in the product price. In this regard, it is imperative to note the following relation. Total Revenue = Price * Quantity Also, it is noteworthy, that price and quantity tend to be inversely related for normal goods in accordance with the demand curve (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2011). Analysis The various situations where the price increase or decrease must be introduced are discussed below. Price Increase of product The equilibrium price of the product is determined by the demand and supply forces. In the given case, due to being the only supplier, all supply is within my control. Thus, for a given level of supply, price should be increased if there is a shortage in the supply i.e. demand is greater than the supply. This situation is represented in the diagram below (Mankiw, 2014). Additionally, price may also be increased when the demand for the product is inelastic as it would lead to an increase in the overall revenue (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2011). Price decrease of product The equilibrium price of the product is determined by the demand and supply forces.. Thus, for a given level of supply, price should be decreased if there is a surplus in the supply i.e. supply is greater than the demand. This situation is represented in the diagram below. Additionally, price may also be decreased when the demand for the product is elastic as it would lead to an increase in the overall revenue (Mankiw, 2014). Conclusion Hence, it may be concluded that based upon underlying price elasticity and also the demand supply mismatch, the price may be increased or decreased. 2. Adam Smith advocated the international trade theory based on absolute advantage which supported the idea that a nation which is more efficient in term of lower production cost should produce the good while the less efficient nation should import the same. This may present a notion that an efficient nation is self-sufficient since it does not need to import any goods from outside (Koutsoyiannis, 2013). However, this may not be true if we take into consideration the comparative advantage model propounded by Ricardo. He advocated that since the economic resources available with every nation is limited, hence in relation to a particular product, comparative advantage would lie with a country with a lower value of opportunity cost. This concept could be mathematically demonstrated using the following data (Krugman and Wells, 2013). Let the man-hours required for unit candle production in country A and country B are 110 and 100 respectively. Further, the man-hours required for unit oil production in country A and country B are 130 and 90 respectively. The given data clearly establishes that B has absolute advantage in relation to production of both oil and candle. Candles opportunity cost for country A = 110/130 = 11/13 unit of oil Candles opportunity cost for country B = 100/90 = 10/9 unit of oil It is apparent that for candle, comparative advantage lies with A due to the lesser value of opportunity cost. As a result, country B would gain by specialising at production of oil while country A should produce candle for reaping mutual gains (Koutsoyiannis, 2013). References Koutsoyiannis, A. (2013). Modern Macroeconomics, London: Palgrave McMillan Krugman, P. and Wells, G. (2013), Macroeconomics, London: Worth Publishers Mankiw, G. (2014), Microeconomics, London: Worth Publishers Pindyck, R. and Rubinfeld, D. (2011), Microeconomics, London: Prentice-Hall Publications

Creole Men In The Awakening Essay Example For Students

Creole Men In The Awakening Essay In Kate Chopins novel, The Awakening the characters of the Creole men are diverse and different as the character Edna. Most of Kate Chopins stories center around a Woman unsatisfied with her position in life, while living in a man dominated society. The three main characters are typical men of that era. Chopin shows the diversity in each of those three characters. Roberts awakening, and the struggle to do what is the right thing. Alcee and how he is carefree and not concerned with societys expectations of him, and so has a reputation. Mr. Pontiller, a business man first and foremost, with little left for wife and family. Robert did the right and noble thing by leaving to go to Mexico so as to not have to see the object of his forbidden love. Alcee sees Edna as another one of his conquest, and does not give up, pursuing her at all cost. Alcee has not concern of what society thinks of him so he is able to do as he pleases. Mr. Pontieller, while he believes himself to be a kind husband, is a typical businessman of the era. He wants his wife to obey him. He wants the perfect Creole wife, one who can help him excel in the business world he loves so much. In exploring these three men in Kate Chopins The Awakening, there are certain aspects of each, while different, the same. All live in the 1800s were morale reputation was considered to be the utmost importance to the businessman, yet, Alcee seems unconcerned with any morale or business responsibility. In exploring the character of Robert who seems to be at a crossroad in his life. Search for his fortune, find a wife, prosper and be respectable, or, do the unthinkable and follow his heart. Mr. Pontellier is the typical Creole husband and businessman. Leonce is convinced that fulfilling monetary needs excuses the paucity of time he spends with the children, never presuming that some needs cannot be monetarily satisfied: He has his hands full with his brokerage business making a living for his family on the street(885)} Even to himself, Leonces thought smack of the self-pity of the empowered. Perhaps because he is aware of his own neglect, Leonce projects his guilt onto Edna, expecting flawless mammal performance on her part to remedy his domestic absence. (Patrsn, Out Of A Convention of Awakening, np)Patterson describes Leonce has having self-pity due to his empowererment. With the privileges of wealth and social standing comes self-debasement. Leonce is so caught up in his own ideals that he fails to see his reaction to his wife, and children. He is caught in turmoil between society and having no other way out. Then Mr. Pontellier got up, saying he had half a mind to go over to Kliens hotel and play a game of billiards. (Chopin, 174) Leonce does not spend time with his family while at the summer cottage, having never cultivated intimacy with his children and wife, Leonce would rather be with the boys, having fun, doing his own thing, leaving all the everyday responsibilities to his wife, or hired help. Leonce is out of his element when not doing business. While at home Leonce expects his wife to be attentive to his every word, treating him more like a prospective business partner than her husband. Leonce does not accept Ednas lack of attention, and gets at her the only way he can, through her children. Leonce has a chance to vent his discouragement toward his wife. He thought it very discouraging that his wife, the sole object of his existence, envinviced so little interest in things which concerned him and valued so little his conversation. (177) He reproached his wife with inattentions (178) It is obvious that Ednas inattentions where of Leonce and not the children. Leonce wanted to get at his wife from h er lack of interest in his time at Kliens. This behavior is somewhat indicative of a selfish person, looking to his own needs, or someone who does not have a clue about intimacy. After he reproaches Edna he goes outside and smokes a cigar like it was the most natural thing in the world to do. (178) The real event is that Leonce has gotten even with his wife, for her inattention to him. Later the next day Leonce feels somewhat guilty for his outburst towards his wife He had regained his composure which seemed to have been somewhat impaired the night before. (179) Leonce knows that he acted emotionally as being out of sorts describes. Leonce does not tell his wifeanything, but later sends her a gift package as if to make up to her what had happened. Leonce was in turmoil, regarding his actions, although Leonce is still choosing to remain aloof towards Edna. How generic, sending a gift with out a word of apology. Leonce has no idea how badly he has behaved in sending a gift without a w ord of apology; it is as though he were trying to mend a business relation. Leonces whole character is that of a man who has no intimacy with wife or children. A successful business is what he loves, what has become his whole life. Leonces only reason for marrying was to help him in his business, stable married man, father, and beautiful obedient wife. Leonce has another lover, his business. Leonce is so worried that his business will suffer if Edna leaves the house, he wrote writes to tell him she is leaving the house. Leonce immediately writes a letter of unqualified disapproval and remonstrance. (316) Leonce is not thinking about what this action will do to his reputation. No Leonce is thinking about his financial integrity (316) Leonce demonstrates again the lack of intimacy for his wife, were his business is concerned. Leonce is afraid if this gets out that his business will suffer. Leonce strategically makes a plan to save face and gives Edna minute instructions-to a well-know n architect concerning the remodeling of his home, changes which he had long contemplated, and which he desired carried forward during his temporary absence (316) Leonce is a self-absorbed businessman. Leonce believes, that he adores his wife and children. What he adores is what they do for him in his business. A good reputation went a long way during the 1800s in which he lived. Leonce is quick to remedy any obstacle that will get in the way of his business. Leonce is a man of the 1800s through and through. Chopin has given a glimpse of the Alcee a single man who lives life as he pleases. Alcee has chosen to become a rogue of society, not adhering to the social norm that most men in that time period adhered to.On one end of the socio-political spectrum is the unmarried Creole man who shares an intimate moment with a married woman, an experience that inspires a physco-sexual awakening in both. Introduced as a special rebel, this Creole bachelor has created for himself an unconventio nal public image, which separates him from the more conventional Creole men. In fact, his unconventionality serves as a stimulus for the awakening in the woman he encounters. (Brown, Awakened Men In Kate Chopins Creole Stories, np) Alcee wants the freedom to do what he wants. He seems to be a man of means and so does not have to work in order to have material possessions. On the contrary,and inquired if he were related to the gentleman of that name who formed one of the firm of Laitner and Arobin, lawyers. The young man admitted that Laitner was a warm personal friend, who permitted Arboins name to decorate the firms letterheads and to appear upon a shingle that graced Perdido Street (307-308) Alcee had income from a law firm for which he did not work. Alcee was a 19th century playboy, while living in an 18th century society. Alcee had a reputation among the Creoles. Now if I were like Arobin you remember Alcee Arobin and that story of the consuls wife at Biloxi (201) Alcee seems to focused his attentions on Edna and then pursues her, with no regard for her reputation Alcee instinctively knows when a woman is not content with her place in life. Alcee uses his charm and understanding friendship to gain the trust of these women. Alcee takes them out every night to the races, the club, or just for a drive. Alcee gives them his attentions with out demanding payback. This behavior is not uncommon with men who consider themselves a Ladys Man. His hand had strayed to her beautiful shoulders, and he could feel the response of her flesh to his touch he seated himself beside her and her lightly upon the shoulder. I thought you were going away, she said, in an uneven voice. I am, after I have said goodnight. Goodnight, she murmured. He did not answer, except to continue to caress her. He did not say good night until she had become supple to his gentle, seductive entreaties. (315-316)Alcee had his reputation for being with married women. Alcee chooses women who are marrie d, leaving him with no responsibility for their welfare when he was finished with them. Alcee is concerned with conquest. It is as if Alcee wants to live up to his reputation, to show that he can. Alcee was an exciting man to be with, preferring the game of seduction to the actual seduction itself. Robert Lebrun is a most complex individual. He spends summers on Grande Island with his mother and brother. Robert is infatuated with the married women at the cottages. Robert..had constituted himself the devoted attendant of some fair dame or damsel. Sometimes it was a young girl, again a widow; but often as not it was some interesting married woman. (185) Robert is a good friend to these women. Robert is never taken seriously by the married women though. It was understood that he had often spoke words of love and devotion to Madame Ratignolle, without any thought of being taken seriously. (186) Robert wants to be taken seriously, knowing what it would mean to the woman. Robert is trying to fulfill a secret desire, what to become in this life. Robert knows his intentions go on deaf ears, until the day that Madame Ratignolle talks with him about Edna. His faced flushed with annoyance and taking off his soft hat he began to beat it impatiently against his leg as he walked Why shouldnt she take me seriously? he demanded sharply. Am I a comedian, a clown, a jack-in-the-box? Why shouldnt she? You Creoles! I have no patience with you! Am I always to be regarded as a feature of an amusing programme? I hope Mrs. Pontillier does take me seriously. I hope she has discernment enough to find in me something besides the blaguer. If I thought there was any doubt- (200) Robert is awakened to the idea that Edna may take him seriously. Why would Ednas friend tell him this if something had not been said? Robert is starting to think about what if. Roberts infatuations are stirring in him a desire to find the right path and, now there are two paths to follow. Roberts intentions were q uite never real to him, until that day when Madame Ratignolle had spoken of Edna. Robert laughs about it at first, and even assures Madame Ratignolle, that there is no earthly way of Mrs. Pontillier ever taking me seriously (201) Robert does the proper thing at first, then he cannot help but being near the object of his desire. Robert would stay away from Edna sometimes an entire day, then redouble his devotions as if to make up for lost time. (211) Robert can not stay away from Edna, he has become to infatuated with the idea that Edna has taken him seriously. Robert was more a friend to Edna than Alcee, for Ednas children adored Robert (199). Robert was a kind soul, and yet, there is nothing kind in his motivations toward Edna. Robert is stuck, he continues his friendship with Edna, but things start to change for him. He realizes that he is in love with Edna, a married woman. This realization leads Robert to go to Mexico. Robert knows that nothing will ever come of the relationship so he leaves. Robert has chosen to do the right thing and get away from the desire of his heart. Robert cannot be near his desire and he thinks that by leaving to go to anther country that will help him. Robert is quite mistaken though. Roberts desire for Edna brings him back to the city. Robert cannot bear to be away from Edna, and he cannot bear to be near her. Robert is confused by his feelings; he seeks out a friend, someone whom he can talk with. Robert is quite taken back when the object of his desire is at the same place he has gone for refuge. Robert wants so much to tell Edna of his feelings for her but cannot permit himself to do so. Roberts feeling betray him and he finds himself getting anxious and wanting to leave the company of his beloved Edna. Robert uses an excuse to keep from staying with her (325), then sees the hurt look and changes his mind. Robert cannot bear to hurt Edna. Robert has elevated Edna on a pedestal of total morality, and feels that he has no right to be with her. Robert is truly a gentleman, yet when he realizes that Edna has changed toward her ideas and has become friends with Alcee, Robert feelings suddenly start to change, even unknown to him. Robert proclaims his love for Edna, his desire to marry her, thinking that this is what Edna would want. Loyalty To Family In The Short Story barn Burning EssayDomestic Goddess Editor, Kim Wells August 23, 1999 Out Site*http://www.womenwriters.net/domesticgoddess/Lu.htmlPlatizky, Roger: Chopins the Awakening, Explicator, Winter 95, Vol. 53 Issue 2 EBSCOhost Full DisplayOnline October 30, 2000Wilson, Robert W: Feminine Sexuality and Passion: The StormOctober 22, 1992Online November 16, 2000Out Site* http://www.interchg.ubc.ca/rq/eng204-1.htmBrown, Pearl L: Awakened Men in Kate Chopins Creole StoriesEBSCOhost Full Display Online October 30, 2000Chopin, Kate: The Awakening and Other Selected Stories, Patterson, Katherine: Out of a Convention of Awakening: Defining A Space Beyond Awareness, Feminist Issues, Fall 1991, Vol. 11 Issue 2EBSCOhost Full DisplayOnline October 30, 2000 Bibliography: